1. What is an ABAP data
dictionary?- ABAP 4 data dictionary describes the logical structures of the
objects used in application
development and shows how they are mapped to the underlying relational
database in tables/views.
2. What are domains and data
element?- Domains:Domain is the central object for describing the
technical characteristics of an
attribute of an business objects. It describes the value range of the field.
Data Element: It is used to
describe the semantic definition of the table fields like description the
field.
Data element describes how a field
can be displayed to end-user.
3. What is foreign key
relationship?- A relationship which can be defined between tables and must
be
explicitly defined at field level.
Foreign keys are used to ensure the consistency of data. Data entered
should be checked against existing
data to ensure that there are now contradiction. While defining
foreign key relationship
cardinality has to be specified. Cardinality mentions how many dependent
records or how referenced records
are possible.
4. Describe data classes.-
Master data: It is the data which is seldomly changed. Transaction data: It is
the data which is often changed.
Organization data: It is a customizing data which is entered in the
system when the system is
configured and is then rarely changed. System data:It is the data which R/3
system needs for itself.
5. What are indexes?-
Indexes are described as a copy of a database table reduced to specific fields.
This
data exists in sorted form. This
sorting form ease fast access to the field of the tables. In order that
other fields are also read, a
pointer to the associated record of the actual table are included in the index.
Yhe indexes are activated along
with the table and are created automatically with it in the database.
6. Difference between
transparent tables and pooled tables.- Transparent tables: Transparent
tables in
the dictionary has a one-to-one
relation with the table in database. Its structure corresponds to single
database field. Table in the
database has the same name as in the dictionary. Transparent table holds
application data. Pooled tables.
Pooled tables in the dictionary has a many-to-one relation with the table
in database. Table in the database
has the different name as in the dictionary. Pooled table are stored in
table pool at the database level.
7. What is an ABAP/4 Query?-
ABAP/4 Query is a powerful tool to generate simple reports without any
coding. ABAP/4 Query can generate
the following 3 simple reports: Basic List: It is the simple reports.
Statistics: Reports with
statistical functions like Average, Percentages. Ranked Lists: For analytical
reports. - For creating a ABAP/4
Query, programmer has to create user group and a functional group.
Functional group can be created
using with or without logical database table. Finally, assign user group
to functional group. Finally,
create a query on the functional group generated.
8. What is BDC programming?-
Transferring of large/external/legacy data into SAP system using Batch
Input programming. Batch input is
a automatic procedure referred to as BDC(Batch Data
Communications).The central
component of the transfer is a queue file which receives the data vie a
batch input programs and groups
associated data into “sessions”.
9. What are the functional
modules used in sequence in BDC?- These are the 3 functional modules
which are used in a sequence to
perform a data transfer successfully using BDC programming:
BDC_OPEN_GROUP - Parameters like
Name of the client, sessions and user name are specified in
this functional modules.
BDC_INSERT - It is used to insert the data for one transaction into a session.
BDC_CLOSE_GROUP - This is used to
close the batch input session.
10. What are internal tables?-
Internal tables are a standard data type object which exists only during the
runtime of the program. They are
used to perform table calculations on subsets of database tables and
for re-organising the contents of
database tables according to users need.
11. What is ITS? What are the
merits of ITS?- ITS is a Internet Transaction Server. ITS forms an
interface between HTTP server and
R/3 system, which converts screen provided data by the R/3 system
into HTML documents and
vice-versa. Merits of ITS: A complete web transaction can be developed
and tested in R/3 system. All
transaction components, including those used by the ITS outside the R/3
system at runtime, can be stored
in the R/3 system. The advantage of automatic language processing in
the R/3 system can be utilized to
language-dependent HTML documents at runtime.
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12. What is DynPro?- DynPro
is a Dynamic Programming which is a combination of screen and the
associated flow logic Screen is
also called as DynPro.
13. What are screen painter and
menu painter?- Screen painter: Screen painter is a tool to design and
maintain screen and its elements.
It allows user to create GUI screens for the transactions. Attributes,
layout, filed attributes and flow
logic are the elements of Screen painter. Menu painter: Menu painter is
a tool to design the interface
components. Status, menu bars, menu lists, F-key settings, functions and
titles are the components of Menu
painters. Screen painter and menu painter both are the graphical
interface of an ABAP/4
applications.
14. What are the components of
SAP scripts?- SAP scripts is a word processing tool of SAP which has
the following components: Standard
text. It is like a standard normal documents. Layout sets. - Layout
set consists of the following
components: Windows and pages, Paragraph formats, Character formats.
Creating forms in the R/3 system.
Every layout set consists of Header, paragraph, and character string.
ABAP/4 program.
15. What is ALV programming in
ABAP? When is this grid used in ABAP?- ALV is Application List
viewer. Sap provides a set of ALV
(ABAP LIST VIEWER) function modules which can be put into
use to embellish the output of a
report. This set of ALV functions is used to enhance the readability and
functionality of any report
output. Cases arise in sap when the output of a report contains columns
extending more than 255 characters
in length. In such cases, this set of ALV functions can help choose
selected columns and arrange the
different columns from a report output and also save different
variants for report display. This
is a very efficient tool for dynamically sorting and arranging the
columns from a report output. The
report output can contain up to 90 columns in the display with the
wide array of display options.
16. What are the events in
ABAP/4 language?- Initialization, At selection-screen, Start-of-selection,
end-of-selection, top-of-page,
end-of-page, At line-selection, At user-command, At PF, Get, At New,
At LAST, AT END, AT FIRST.
17. What is CTS and what do you
know about it?- The Change and Transport System (CTS) is a tool
that helps you to organize
development projects in the ABAP Workbench and in Customizing, and then
transport the changes between the
SAP Systems and clients in your system landscape. This
documentation provides you with an
overview of how to manage changes with the CTS and essential
information on setting up your
system and client landscape and deciding on a transport strategy. Read
and follow this documentation when
planning your development project.
18. What are logical databases?
What are the advantages/ dis-advantages of logical databases?- To
read data from a database tables
we use logical database. A logical database provides read-only access
to a group of related tables to an
ABAP/4 program. Advantages: i)check functions which check that
user input is complete,
correct,and plausible. ii)Meaningful data selection. iii)central authorization
checks for database accesses.
iv)good read access performance while retaining the hierarchical data
view determined by the application
logic. dis advantages: i)If you donot specify a logical database in
the program attributes,the GET
events never occur. ii)There is no ENDGET command,so the code
block associated with an event
ends with the next event statement (such as another GET or an ENDOF-
SELECTION).
19. What is a batch input
session?- BATCH INPUT SESSION is an intermediate step between internal
table and database table. Data
along with the action is stored in session ie data for screen fields, to
which screen it is passed, program
name behind it, and how next screen is processed.
20. How to upload data using
CATT ?- These are the steps to be followed to Upload data through
CATT: Creation of the CATT test
case & recording the sample data input. Download of the source file
template. Modification of the
source file. Upload of the data from the source file.
21. What is Smart Forms?-
Smart Forms allows you to create forms using a graphical design tool with
robust functionality, color, and
more. Additionally, all new forms developed at SAP will be created
with the new Smart Form solution.
22. How can I make a
differentiation between dependent and independent data?- Client dependent
or
independent transfer requirements include client
specific or cross client objects in the change requests.
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