SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers - 3

31. A field containing currency amounts (data type CURR) must be assigned to a reference
table and a reference field. Explain.
As a reference table, a system containing all the valid currencies is assigned or any other table,
which contains a field with the currency key format. This field is called as reference field. The
assignment of the field containing currency amounts to the reference field is made at runtime.
The value in the reference field determines the currency of the amount.
32. A field containing quantity amounts (data type QUAN) must be assigned to a reference
table and a reference field. Explain?
As a reference table, a system table containing all the valid quantity units is assigned or any other
table, which contains a field with the format or quantity units (data type UNIT). This field is
called as reference field.
The assignment of the field containing quantity amounts to the reference field is made at
runtime. The value in the reference field determines the quantity unit of the amount.
33. What is the significance of Technical settings (specified while creating a table in the
data dictionary)?
By specifying technical settings we can control how database tables are created in the database.
The technical settings allows us to
• Optimize storage space requirements.
• Table access behavior.
• Buffering required.
• Changes to entries logged.
34. What is a Table attribute?
The table's attributes determine who is responsible for maintaining a table and which types of
access are allowed for the table. The most important table attributes are:
• Delivery class.
• Table maintenance allowed.
• Activation type.
35. What is the significance of Delivery Class?
• The delivery class controls the degree to which the SAP or the customer is responsible for table
maintenance.
• Whether SAP provides the table with or without contents.
• Determines the table type.
• Determines how the table behaves when it is first installed, at upgrade, when it is transported,
and when a client copy is performed.
36. What is the max. no. Of structures that can be included in a table or structure.
Nine.
37. What are two methods of modifying SAP standard tables?
• Append Structures and
• Customizing Includes.
38. What is the difference between a Substructure and an Append Structure?
• In case of a substructure, the reference originates in the table itself, in the form of a statement
include….
• In case of an append structure, the table itself remains unchanged and the reference originates
in the append structure.
39. To how many tables can an append structure be assigned.
One.
40. If a table that is to be extended contains a long field, we cannot use append structures
why?
Long fields in a table must always be located in the end, as the last field of the table. If a table
has an append structure the append line must also be on the last field of the table.
41. Can we include customizing include or an append structure with Pooled or Cluster
tables?
No.
42. What are the two ways for restricting the value range for a domain?
• By specifying fixed values.
• By stipulating a value table.
43. Structures can contain data only during the runtime of a program (T/F)
True.
44. What are the aggregate objects in the Dictionary?
• Views
• Match Code.
• Lock Object.
45. What are base tables of an aggregate object?
The tables making up an aggregate object (primary and secondary) are called aggregate object.
46. The data of a view is not physically stored, but derived from one or more tables (t/f)
True.
47. What are the 2 other types of Views, which are not allowed in Release 3.0?
• Structure Views.
• Entity Views.
48. What is a Match Code?
Match code is a tool to help us to search for data records in the system. Match Codes are an
efficient and user-friendly search aid where key of a record is unknown.
49. What are the two levels in defining a Match Code?
• Match Code Object.
• Match Code Id.
50. What is the max no of match code Id's that can be defined for one Match code object?
A match code Id is a one character ID that can be a letter or a number.

SAP BW/BI Interview Questions and Answers - 2

11.What use marker in MM? Marker update is just like check point. ie it will give the snapshot of the stock on a particular date ie when was the marker updated. Because we are using Noncumulative keyfigure it will lot of time to calculate the current stock for example at report time. to overcome this we use marker update Marker updates do not summarize the data.. In inventory management scenarios, we have to calculate opening stock and closing stock on a daily basis. In order to facilitate this, we set a marker which will add and subtract the values for each record. In the absence of marker update, the data will be added up and will not provide the correct values.
 12.Tell me web template? You get information on where the web template details are stored from the following tables : RSZWOBJ Storage of the Web Objects RSZWOBJTXT Texts for Templates/Items/ Views RSZWOBJXREF Structure of the BW Objects in a Template RSZWTEMPLATE Header Table for BW HTML Templates You can check these tables and search for your web template entry . However, If I understand your question correctly , you will have to open the template in the WAD and then make the corrections in the same to correct it.
 13.What is dashboard? A dash board can be created using the web application Designer (WAD) or the visual composer (VC). A dashboard is just a collection of reports, views and links etc in a single view. For e.g. igoogle is a dashboard. A dashboard is a graphical reporting interface, which displays KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) as charts and graphs. A dashboard is a performance management system When we look at the all organization measures how they are performing with helicopter view, we need a report that teaches and shows the trend in a graphical display quickly. These reports are called as Dashboard Reports, still we can report these measures individually, but by keeping all measures in a single page, we are creating single access point to the users to view all information available to them. Absolutely this will save lot of precious time, gives clarity on decision that needs to be taken, helps the users to understand the measure(s) trend with business flow creating dashboard Dashboards : Could be built with Visual Composer & WAD create your dashboard in BW, (1) Create all BEx Queries with required variants,tune them perfectly. (2) Differentiate table queries and graph queries. (3) Choose the graph type required that meet your requirement. (4) Draw the layout how the Dashboard page looks like. (5) Create a web template that has navigational block / selection information. (6) Keep navigational block fields are common across the measures. (7) Include the relevant web items into web template.
(8) Deploy the URL/Iview to users through portal/intranet The steps to be followed in the creation of Dashboard using WAD are summarized as below: 1) Open a New Web template in WAD. 2) Define the tabular layout as per the requirements so as to embed the necessary web items. 3) Place the appropriate web items in the appropriate tabular grids 4) Assign queries to the web items (A Query assigned to a web item is called as a data provider) 5) Care should be taken to ensure that the navigation block.s selection parameters are common across all the BEx queries of the affected dataproviders. 6) Properties of the individual web items are to be set as per the requirements. They can be modified in Properties window or in the HTML code. 7) The URL when this web template is executed should be used in the portal/intranet 
14.How can you solve the data mismatch tickets between r/3 and bw? Check the mapping at BW side for 0STREET in transfer rules.Check the data in PSA for the same field.If the PSA is also doesn't have complete data then check the field in RSA3 in source system. 
16)What is replacement path tell me one scenario? 

17.What is difference between PSA & IDOC? BI7 is PSA used only for Data load from Source System into BW 
18). what we do in Business Blue Print Stage? SAP has defined a business blueprint phase to help extract pertinent information about your company that is necessary for implementation. These blueprints are in the form of questionnaires that are designed to probe for information that uncovers how your company does business. As such, they also serve to document the implementation. Each business blueprint document essentially outlines your future business processes and business requirements. The kinds of questions asked are germane to the particular business function, as seen inthe following sample questions:1) What information do you capture on a purchase order?2) What information is required to complete a purchase order?Accelerated SAP question and answer database:The question and answer database (QADB) is a simple although aging tool designed to facilitate the creation and maintenance of your business blueprint.This database stores the questions and the answers and serves as the heart of your blue print. Customers are provided with a customer input template for each application that collects the data. The question and answer format is standard across applications to facilitate easier use by the project team.Issues database: Another tool used in the blueprinting phase is the issues database. Thisdatabase stores any open concerns and pending issues that relate to the implementation. Centrally storing this information assists in gathering and then managing issues to resolution, so that important matters do not fall through the cracks. You can then track the issues in database, assign them to teammembers, and update the database accordingly. 
19). How do we gather the requirements for an Implementation Project? One of the biggest and most important challenges in any implementation is gathering and understanding the end user and process team functional requirements. These functional requirements represent the scope of analysis needs and expectations (both now and in the future) of the end user. These typically involve all of the following:- Business reasons for the project and business questions answered by the implementation- Critical success factors for the implementation- Source systems that are involved and the scope of information needed from each- Intended audience and stakeholders and their analysis needs- Any major transformation that is needed in order to provide the information- Security requirements to prevent unauthorized useThis process involves one seemingly simple task: Find out exactly what theend users' analysis requirements are, both now and in the future, and buildthe BW system to these requirements. Although simple in concept, in practicegathering and reaching
a clear understanding and agreement on a complete setof BW functional requirements is not always so simple. 
20) How do we decide what cubes has to be created? Its depends on your project requirement. Customized cubes are not mandatory for all the projects. If your bussines requirement is differs from given scenario ( BI content cubes ) then only we will opt for customized cubes.Normally your BW customization or creation of new info providers all are depending on your source system.If your source system other that R3 then you should go with customization of your all objects.If your source system is R3 and your users are using only R3 standard business scenarios like SD,MM or FI... etc., then you dont want to create any info providers or you dont want to enhance any thing in the existing BW Business Content. But 99% this is not possible. Because surely they should have included their new business scenario or new enhancements.For example, In my first project we implemented for Solution Manager BW implemention. There we have activated all the business content in CRM. But the source system have new scenarios for message escalation, ageing calculation etc., According their business scenrio we could't use standard business content. For that we have taken only existing info objects and created new info objects which are not there in the business content. After that we have created custom data source to info providers as well asreports.

SAP HANA Interview Questions and Answers

1.What is the reason for going In-memory? One reason is the number of CPU cycles per second is increasing and the cost of processors is decreasing. For managing the data in memory, there is five-minute rule which is based on the suggestion that it costs more to wait for the data to be fetched from disk than it costs to keep data in memory so it depends on how often you fetch the data. For example there is a table and no matter how large it is and this table is touched by a query at least once every 55 minutes, it is less expensive (in hardware costs) to keep it in memory than to read it from memory and if it is frequently accessed it is less expensive to store it in memory. 
2.What is a Five-minute rule? It is a rule of thumb for deciding whether a data item should be kept in memory, or stored on disk and read back into memory when required. The rule is “randomly accessed disk pages of cache are re-used every 5 minutes”.
 3.What is multi-core CPU? Multiple CPU‟s on one chip or in one package is called multi-core CPU. . Traditional databases for online transaction processing (OLTP) do not use current hardware efficiently. 
4.What is Stall? Waiting for data to be loaded from main memory into the CPU cache is called as Stalls. 
5.What is SAP In-Memory Appliance (SAP HANA)? HANA is an in-memory technique to store data that is particularly suited for handling very large amounts of tabular, or relational, data with extra ordinary performance. Common databases store tabular data row-wise. Reorganizing the data in memory column-wise brings a tremendous speed increase when accessing a subset of the data in each table row. 
6.What are the components or products of HANA? SAP HANA contains the following components and administration tools: • SAP® In-Memory Computing Engine (IMCE) Server 1.0 • SAP® IMCE Clients 1.0 – The IMCE clients are the interfaces by which the IMCE can communicate with other components. The following subcomponents are included: IMCE ODBO 1.0 IMCE ODBC 1.0 IMCE JDBC 1.0 IMCE SQLDBC 1.0 • SAP® IMCE Studio1.0 (includes SAP HANA Modeler) • Sybase Replication Server 15 + Sybase Enterprise Connect Data Access (ECDA) • Sybase Replication Agent • SAP® HANA Load Controller 1.0 (includes R3Load, RepServer De-cluster Add-On) • SAP® Host Agent 7.20 7.What are the different editions available in HANA appliance software? Platform , and Enterprise edition. Platform edition is intended for customers who want to use ETL-based replication and already have
a license for SAP BO Data Services.
Enterprise edition is intended for customers who want to use either trigger-based replication or ETLbased
replication and do not already have all of the necessary licenses for SAP BO Data Services.
Extended edition is intended for customers who want to use the full potential of all available
replication scenarios including log-based replication.
8.What is columnar and Row-Based Data Storage?
Fig: Row and Column-based storage
A database table contains data in the form of rows and columns. However Computer memory is
organized as a linear structure. To store a table in linear memory, there are two options. A rowbased
storage stores a table as a sequence of records, each of which contains the fields of one
row. In a columnar storage the entries of a column are stored in contiguous memory locations.
The SAP HANA database allows to specify whether a table is to be stored column-wise or row-wise.
It is also possible to alter an existing table from columnar to row-based and vice versa.
Search operations in tabular data can be accelerated by organizing data in columns instead in rows.
9.What are the advantages of Column based tables?
Calculations are typically executed on single or a few columns only.
The table is searched based on values of a few columns.
The table has a large number of columns.
The table has a large number of rows and columnar operations are required (aggregate, scan, etc.).
High compression rates can be achieved because the majority of the columns contain only few
distinct values (compared to number of rows).
10.What are the advantages of Row-based tables?
The application needs to only process a single record at one time (many selects and/or updates of
single records).
The application typically needs to access a complete record (or row).
The columns contain mainly distinct values so that the compression rate would be low.
Neither aggregations nor fast searching are required.
The table has a small number of rows (e. g. configuration tables).
11.In which case the data to be stored in columnar storage?
To enable fast on-the-fly aggregations, ad-hoc reporting, and to benefit from compression
mechanisms it is recommended that transaction data to be stored in a column-based table.
12.Is it possible to join tables of row-based with column-based tables?
Yes
13.Are column-based tables always the better choice than row-based tables?
No. There are also situations in which row based tables are advantageous.
14.What are the advantages of Columnar tables?
Higher Data Compression Rates
Higher Performance for Column Operations
Elimination of Additional Indexes
Parallelization
Elimination of Materialized Aggregates
15.What are the different Compression Techniques you know? Run-length encoding Cluster encoding Dictionary encoding

SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers - 2

DATA DICTIONARY
1. What are the layers of data description in R/3?
• The external layer.
• The ABAP/4 layer.
• The database layer.
2. Define external layer?
The external layer is the plane at which the user sees and interacts with the data, that is, the data
format in the user interface. This data format is independent of the database system used.
3. Define ABAP/4 layer?
The ABAP/4 layer describes the data formats used by the ABAP/4 processor.
4. Define Database layer?
The database layer describes the data formats used in the database.
5. What is a Data Class?
The Data class determines in which table space the table is stored when it is created in the
database.
6. What is a Size Category?
The Size category describes the probable space requirement of the table in the database.
7. How many types of size categories and data classes are there?
There are five size categories (0-4) and 11 data classes only three of which are appropriate for
application tables:
• APPL0- Master data (data frequently accessed but rarely updated).
• APPL1- Transaction data (data that is changed frequently).
• APPL2- Organizational data (customizing data that is entered when system is configured and
then rarely changed).
The other two types are:
• USR
• USR1 – Intended for customer's own developments.
8. What are control tables?
The values specified for the size category and data class are mapped to database-specific values
via control tables.
9. What is the function of the transport system and workbench organizer?
The function of the transport system and the Workbench Organizer is to manage any changes
made to objects of the ABAP/4 Development Workbench and to transport these changes between
different SAP systems.
10. What is a table pool?
A table pool (or pool) is used to combine several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. The
definition of a pool consists of at least two key fields and a long argument field (VARDATA).
11. What are pooled tables?
These are logical tables, which must be assigned to a table pool when they are defined. Pooled
tables can be used to store control data (such as screen sequences or program parameters).
12. What is a table cluster?
A table cluster combines several logical tables in the ABAP/4 Dictionary. Several logical rows
from different cluster tables are brought together in a single physical record. The records from
the cluster tables assigned to a cluster are thus stored in a single common table in the database.
13. How can we access the correction and transport system?
Each time you create a new object or change an existing object in the ABAP/4 Dictionary, you
branch automatically to the Workbench Organizer or correction and transport system.
14. Which objects are independent transport objects?
Domains, Data elements, Tables, Technical settings for tables, Secondary indexes for transparent
tables, Structures, Views, Matchcode objects, Matchcode Ids, Lock objects.
15. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & DB layer?
Conversion between ABAP/4 data types and the database layer is done within the database
interface.
16. How is conversion of data types done between ABAP/4 & external level?
Conversion between the external layer and the ABAP/4 layer is done in the SAP dialog manager
DYNP.
17. What are the Data types of the external layer?
ACCP, Char, CLNT, CUKY, CURR, DATS, DESC, FLTP, INT1, INT2, INT4, LANG, LCHR,
LRAW, NUMC, PREC, QUAN, RAW, TIMS, UNIT,VARC.
18. What are the Data types of the ABAP/4 layer?
Possible ABAP/4 data types:
C: Character.
D: Date, format YYYYMMDD.
F: Floating-point number in DOUBLE PRECISION (8 bytes).
I: Integer.
N: Numerical character string of arbitrary length.
P: Amount of counter field (packed; implementation depends on h/w platform).
S: Time Stamp YYYYMMDDHHMMSS.
V: Character string of variable length, length is given in the first two bytes.
X: Hexadecimal (binary) storage.
19. How can we set the table spaces and extent sizes?
You can specify the extent sizes and the table space (physical storage area in the database) in
which a transparent table is to be stored by setting the size category and data class.
20. What is the function of the correction system?
The correction system manages changes to internal system components. Such as objects of the
ABAP/4 Dictionary.
21. What are local objects?
Local objects (Dev class$TMP) are independent of correction and transport system.
22. What is a Development class?
Related objects from the ABAP/4 repository are assigned to the same development class. This
enables you to correct and transport related objects as a unit.
23. What is a data dictionary?
Data Dictionary is a central source of data in a data management system. Its main function is to
support the creation and management of data definitions. It has details about
• What data is contained?
• What are the attributes of the data?
• What is the relationship existing between the various data elements?
24. What functions does a data dictionary perform?
In a data management system, the principal functions performed by the data dictionary are
• Management of data definitions.
• Provision of information for evaluation.
• Support for s/w development.
• Support form documentation.
• Ensuring that the data definitions are flexible and up-to-date.
25. What are the features of ABAP/4 Dictionary?
The most important features are:
• Integrated to aABAP/4 Development Workbench.
• Active in the runtime environment.
26. What are the uses of the information in the Data dictionary?
The following information is directly taken from the Data dictionary:
• Information on fields displayed with F1 help.
• Possible entries for fields displayed with F4 help.
• Matchcode and help views search utilities.
27. What are the basic objects of the data dictionary?
• Tables
• Domains
• Data elements
• Structures
• Foreign Keys
28. What are the aggregate objects in the data dictionary?
• Views
• Match codes
• Lock objects.
29. In the ABAP/4 Dictionary Tables can be defined independent of the underlying
database (T/F).
True.
30. ABAP/4 Dictionary contains the Logical definition of the table.

SAP BW/BI Interview Questions and Answers

 1)How we do the SD and MM configuration for BW ? You need to activate the data sources in R3 system. You need to maintain the login information for the logical system.sm59 : Choose the RFC destination , BW system, Under logon Security, maintain the user credentials. Maintain control parameters for data transfer. Filling in of setup tables SBIW I feel that these are certain prerequisites. From an SD perspective, you as a BW consultant should first understand the basic SD process flow on the R3 side. (search the forum for SD process flow and you'll get a wealth of information on the flow and the tables as well as transactions involved in SD). Next you need to understand the process flow that has been implemented at the clients place. How the SD data flows and what are the integration points with other modules as well as how the integration happens. This knowledge is essential when modeling your BW design. From a BW perspective you need to first know all the SD extractors and what information they bring. Next look at all the cubes and ODS for SD.

1. What is the t-code to see log of transport connection? in RSA1 -> Transport Connection you can collect the Queries and the Role and after this you can transport them (enabling the transport in SE10, import it in STMS 1. RSA1 2. Transport connection (button on the left bar menu) 3. Sap transport -> Object Types (button on the left bar menu) 4. Find Query Elements -> Query 5. Find your query 6. Group necessery object 7. Transport Object (car icon) 8. Release transport (SE10 T-code) 9. load transport (STMS T-code)

2.Lo; mm inventory data source with marker significance? Marker is as like check point when u upload the data from inventory data source 2lis_03_bx data source for current stock and BF for movement type after uploading data from BX u should rlise the request in cube or i menn to say compress it then load data from another data source BF and set this updated data to no marker update so marker is use as a check point if u dont do this u getting data missmatch at bex level bcz system get confuse . (2LIS_03_BF Goods Movement From Inventory Management-- -----Unckeck the no marker update tab) (2LIS_03_BX Stock Initialization for Inventory Management-- ---select the no marker update check box) 2LIS_03_UM Revaluations ----Uncheck the no marker update tab) in the infopackege of "collaps"

3. How can you navigate to see the error idocs ? If it is fine check the IDOCs in source system go to BD87->give Ur user ID and date->execute->you can find Red status Idocs select the erroneous Idoc->Rt.click and select Manual process. You need to Reprocess this IDOC which are RED. For this you can take help of Any of your Team (ALE IDOC Team or BAsis Team)Or Else youcan push it manually. Just search it in bd87 screen only to Reprocess. Also, Try to find why this IDocs are stuck there.

4)Difference between v1, v2, v3 jobs in extraction? V1 Update: when ever we create a transaction in R/3(e.g.,Sales Order) then the entries get into the R/3 Tables(VBAK, VBAP..) and this takes place in V1 Update. V2 Update: V2 Update starts a few seconds after V1 Update and in this update the values get into Statistical Tables, from where we do the extraction into BW.

V3 Update: Its purely for BW extraction. But in the Document below, V1, V2 and V3 are defined in a different way. Can You please explain me in detial what exactly V1, V2 and V3 updates means?

 5.What are statistical update and document update? Synchronous Updating (V1 Update) The statistics update is made synchronously with the document update. While updating, if problems that result in the termination of the statistics update occur, the original documents are NOT saved. The cause of the termination should be investigated and the problem solved. Subsequently, the documents can be entered again. Radio button: V2 updating

 6.Do you have any idea how to improve the performance of the BW..? Asynchronous Updating (V2 Update) With this update type, the document update is made separately from the statistics update. A termination of the statistics update has NO influence on the document update (see V1 Update). Radio button: Updating in U3 update program Asynchronous Updating (V3 Update) With this update type, updating is made separately from the document update. The difference between this update type and the V2 Update lies,however, with the time schedule. If the V3 update is active, then the update can be executed at a later time. In contrast to V1 and V2 Updates, no single documents are updated. The V3 update is, therefore, also described as a collective update.

7)How can you decide the query performance is slow or fast ? You can check that in RSRT tcode. execute the query in RSRT and after that follow the below steps Goto SE16 and in the resulting screen give table name as RSDDSTAT for BW 3.x and RSDDSTAT_DM for BI 7.0 and press enteryou can view all the details about the query like time taken to execute the query and the timestamps

 8)What is statistical setup and what is the need and why? Follow these steps to filling the set up table. 1. Go to transaction code RSA3 and see if any data is available related to your DataSource. If data is there in RSA3 then go to transaction code LBWG (Delete Setup data) and delete the data by entering the application name. 2. Go to transaction SBIW --> Settings for Application Specific Datasource --> Logistics --> Managing extract structures --> Initialization --> Filling the Setup table --> Application specific setup of statistical data --> perform setup (relevant application) 3. In OLI*** (for example OLI7BW for Statistical setup for old documents : Orders) give the name of the run and execute. Now all the available records from R/3 will be loaded to setup tables. 4. Go to transaction RSA3 and check the data. 5. Go to transaction LBWE and make sure the update mode for the corresponding DataSource is serialized V3 update. 6. Go to BW system and create infopackage and under the update tab select the initialize delta process. And schedule the package. Now all the data available in the setup tables are now loaded into the data target. 7. Now for the delta records go to LBWE in R/3 and change the update mode for the corresponding DataSource to Direct/Queue delta. By doing this record will bypass SM13 and directly go to RSA7. Go to transaction code RSA7 there you can see green light # Once the new records are added immediately you can see the record in RSA7. 8. Go to BW system and create a new infopackage for delta loads. Double click on new infopackage. Under update tab you can see the delta update radio button.. 9. Now you can go to your data target and see the delta record.

9.Why we have construct setup tables? The R/3 database structure for accounting is much more easier than the Logistical structure.

Once you post in a ledger that is done. You can correct, but that give just another posting. BI can get information direct out of this (relatively) simple database structure. In LO, you can have an order with multiple deliveries to more than one delivery addresses. And the payer can also be different. When 1 item (orderline) changes, this can have its reflection on order, supply, delivery, invoice, etc. Therefore a special record structure is build for Logistical reports.and this structure now is used for BI. In order to have this special structre filled with your starting position, you must run a set-up. from that moment on R/3 will keep filling this LO-database. If you wouldn't run the setup. BI would start with data from the moment you start the filling of LO (with the logistica cocpit)

10.How can you eliminate the duplicate records in TD, MD? Try to check the system logs through SM21 for the same.

SAP ABAP Interview Questions and Answers

SAP R/3 ARCHITECTURE
1. What guarantees the integration of all application modules?
The R/3 basis system guarantees the integration of all application modules. The R/3 basis s/w
provides the run time environment for the R/3 applications ensures optimal integration, defines a
stable architectural frame for system enhancements, and contains the administration tools for the
entire system.
One of the main tasks of the basis system is to guarantee the portability of the complete system.
2. What are the central interfaces of the R/3 system?
Presentation Interface.
Database Interface.
Operating system Interface.
3. Which interface controls what is shown on the p.c.?
Presentation Interface.
4. Which interface converts SQL requirements in the SAP development system to those of
the database?
Database Interface.
5. What is SAP dispatcher?
SAP dispatcher is the control agent that manages the resources for the R/3 applications.
6. What are the functions of dispatcher?
Equal distribution of transaction load to the work processes.
Management of buffer areas in main memory.
Integration of the presentation levels.
Organization of communication activities.
7. What is a work process?
A work process is where individual dialog steps are actually processed and the work is done.
Each work process handles one type of request.
8. Name various work processes of R/3 system?
Dialog or Online (processes only one request at a time).
Background (Started at a specific time)
Update (primary or secondary)
Enque (Lock mechanism).
Spool (generated online or during back ground processing for printing).
9. Explain about the two services that are used to deal with communication.
Message Service: Used by the application servers to exchange short internal messages, all system
communications.
Gateway Service: Enables communication between R/3 and external applications using CPI-C
protocol.
10. Which work process triggers database changes?
Update work process.
11. Define service (within R/3)?
A service is a process or group of processes that perform a specific system function and often
provide an application-programming interface for other processes to call.
12. What are the roll and page areas?
Roll and page areas are SAP R/3 buffers used to store user contexts (process requests). The SAP
dispatcher assigns process requests to work processes as they are queued in the roll and page
areas.
Paging area holds data from the application programs.
Roll area holds data from previous dialog steps and data that characterize the user.
13. What are the different layers in R/3 system?
Presentation Layer.
Application Layer.
Database Layer.
14. What are the phases of background processing?
Job Scheduling.
Job Processing.
Job Overview.
15. What components of the R/e system initiate the start of background jobs at the
specified time?
The batch scheduler initiates the start of background job. The dispatcher then sends this request
to an available background work process for processing.
16. Define Instance.
An instance is an administrative unit in which components of an R/3 systems providing one or
more services are grouped together. The services offered by an instance are started and stopped
at random. All components are parameterized using a joint instance profile. A central R/3 system
consists of a single instance in which all-necessary SAP services are offered. Each instance uses
separate buffer areas.
17. From hardware perspective, every information system can be divided into three task
areas Presentation, Application Logic and Data Storage.
The R/3 Basis software is highly suitable for use in multi-level client/server architectures.
18. What are R/3 Basis configurations?
A central system with centrally installed presentation software.
Two-level client/server system with rolled out presentation software.
Two-level client/server system. Presentation and Application run on the same computer.
Three-level client/server system. Presentation, Application and database each run on separate
computers.
19. What is a Service in SAP terminology?
A service refers to something offered by a s/w component.
20. What is Server in SAP terminology?
A component can consist of one process or a group and is then called the server for the
respective service.
21. What is a client in SAP terminology?
A S/W component that uses the service (offered by a s/w component) is called a Client. At the
same time these clients may also be servers for other services.
22.What is a SAP system?
The union of all s/w components that are assigned to the same databases is called as a SAP
system.
23. What is the means of communications between R/3 and external applications?
The means of communication between R/2,R/3 and external applications is via the CPI-C
handler or SAP Gateway, using the CPI-C Protocol.
24. What is the protocol used by SAP Gateway process?
The SAP Gateway process communicates with the clients based on the TCP/IP Protocol.
25. Expand CPI-C.
Common Program Interface Communication.
26. What is a Spool request?
Spool requests are generated during dialog or background processing and placed in the spool
database with information about the printer and print format. The actual data is places in the Tem
Se (Temporary Sequential objects).
27. What are different types of Log records?
V1 and V2. V1 must be processed before V2. But, we can have more than one V2 logs.
28. What are the types of Update requests?
An update request can be divided into one primary (V1) and several Secondary update
components (V2). Time-critical operations are placed in V1 component and those whose timing
is less critical are placed in V2 components. If a V1 update fails, V2 components will not be
processed.
29. Dialog work processes perform only one dialog step and then available for the next
request.
30. Explain what is a transaction in SAP terminology.
In SAP terminology, a transaction is series of logically connected dialog steps.
31. Explain how SAP GUI handles output screen for the user.
The SAP front-end s/w can either run on the same computer or on different computers provided
for that purpose. User terminal input is accepted by the SAP terminal program SAP GUI,
converted to SAP proprietary format and sent to the SAP dispatcher. The dispatcher coordinates
the information exchange between the SAP GUIs and the work processes. The dispatcher first
places the processing request in request queues, which it then processes. The dispatcher
dispatches the requests one after another, to the available work process. The actual processing
takes place in the work process. When processing is complete, the result of a work process is
returned via the dispatcher to the SAP GUI. The SAP GUI interprets the received data and
generates the output screen for the user.